Abstract:

In order to further clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment on quality and yield of rice, the quantity and method of nitrogen application were optimized and regulated to improve quality and palatability of rice on the basis of stable yield, using Jindao 919 as material. The effects of different spike positions and primary and secondary branches on the quality and taste of Jindao 919 were also analyzed and discussed. The results showed that, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment on the appearance quality of brown rice of Jindao 919 was significant at 0.1% level. The amylose contains of the upper ear and primary branch were significantly lower than these of the lower ear and secondary branch; the brown rice grain thickness, starch gelatinization properties （except gelatinization temperature of rice） of upper ear and primary branch were significantly lower than these of the lower ear and secondary branch. To sum up, nitrogen fertilizer treatment has a significant impact on the physical and chemical characteristics of rice at different spike positions and primary and secondary branch, and ultimately affects the quality and yield of rice.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, panicle position, primary and secondary branch, yield components, quality, palatability

摘要：

为进一步明确氮肥处理对水稻产量及品质的影响，通过优化和调控施氮量及施氮方式，旨在达到稳产的基础上大幅度提升稻米品质。试验采用小站稻金稻919为供试材料，设置了3种氮肥处理，其中以当地习惯施氮方式作为对照（CK）。同时也分析和探讨了不同穗位和一、二次枝梗着生稻谷对金稻919品质的影响。结果表明，氮肥处理对金稻919的糙米外观品质的影响在0.1%水平显著，上部穗位和一次枝梗着生稻谷的直链淀粉含有率均显著低于下部穗位和二次枝梗着生稻谷，上部穗位和一次枝梗着生稻谷的糙米粒厚、稻米淀粉糊化特性（除糊化温度外）均显著低于下部穗位和二次枝梗着生稻谷。综上所述，氮肥处理对不同穗位着生稻谷和一、二次枝梗着生稻谷存在显著影响，不同穗位着生稻谷和一、二次枝梗着生稻谷稻米的理化特性有显著差异，最终影响稻米品质和产量。

关键词: 施氮, 穗位, 一、二次枝梗, 产量构成, 品质, 食味